人力资本视角下的农村反贫困问题研究

贫困问题既是经济问题,也是社会、文化和精神现象,而农村反贫困问题既是我国经济发展中的重点问题,也是难点问题,是关系到我国社会和谐度和新农村建设成败的关键。文章从人力资本的视角分析了贫困的本质,论述了人力资本在反贫困中的作用机理,阐释了我国农村人力资本投资的现状,进而提出了基于人力资本视角的农村反贫困政策。     

中国农村贫困与反贫困制度研究

文章认为,新形势下农村贫困问题复杂：绝对贫困大有改善,相对贫困日益突出,返贫现象凸显严重,追根溯源权利贫困是导致农村贫困的根源。文章透过制度分析,通过重塑农村组织,深化市场体制,完善制度创新,强化运行机制,厉行执行监督系统化措施,构建农村反贫困长效治理机制,强化制度之间的联动效应,将农村贫困治理融入区域和整体社会、政治、经济、文化以及环境协调与可持续发展框架内,实现农村扶贫工作的良性发展。     

基于Nutch的物流信息平台网页资源定向采集系统

针对物流信息平台中信息资源采集系统建设的不足,提出建立基于Nutch的网页资源定向采集系统,并对中文分词、主题相关度分析、结果排序、正文解析等关键模块进行重点探讨。最后在一定条件下进行了实验,并分析了实验结果。     

高校特困生心理特征及矫正策略

高校特困生是大学生中的弱势群体,由于经济拮据,容易产生自卑、迷茫、孤独、敏感、多疑、敌对、偏执、焦虑等心理问题。本文通过调查分析,提出积极开展心理健康教育,建立多层面的立体交叉的心理咨询与治疗体系,完善经济资助机制,丰富校园文化等矫正策略。     

The impact of microcredit on self‐employment profits in Vietnam

This study examines the impact of microcredit on household self‐employment profits in Vietnam. For two indicators of credit participation – a dichotomous participation dummy and the accumulated amount of microcredit received per household – the analysis reveals a positive effect on household profits. The analysis also reveals that an instrumental variable method within a fixed‐effects framework can control for the possible endogeneity of credit and thereby identify the true effect of credit.     

Neighborhood Effects and Regional Poverty Traps in Rural China

The present paper investigates how neighborhood effects are connected to chronic poverty. We examine a large sample of groups of households and find that neighborhood effects are significant in a majority of groups, especially in the poorest groups. People living in poor communities tend to suffer from poverty over time. It is of theoretical and empirical importance to explore how neighborhood effects are interrelated with chronic poverty and the channels through which this occurs. Unlike other econometric analyses, we establish a multilevel econometric model to show that： （i） it is difficult for an individual living in a neighborhood with a high proportion of agricultural labor, low education levels, and poor transport and telecommunication infrastructure to escape from poverty traps; （ii） neighborhood effects dominate in poor communities; and （iii） although poverty is affected by group-level factors, individual factors still play a dominant role in regards to escaping poverty when income surpasses a threshold level Therefore, policy priority should be given to providing social protection and public services, especially in poor rural areas.     

基于能力贫困理论的新疆连片特困地区主要民族多维贫困分析

[目的]考察新疆连片特困地区主要民族多维贫困的程度和特征,为新时期精准扶贫、精准脱贫提供有价值的参考。[方法]基于能力贫困理论构建新疆连片特困地区多维贫困识别指标体系,利用AF法,基于新疆连片特困地区农户生计调研数据测度汉族、维吾尔族、柯尔克孜族多维贫困的程度,利用对比分析的方法,并结合当地实际情况研究各主要民族多维贫困的特征,剖析其产生原因。[结果]连片特困地区各主要民族都面临着多维贫困问题,且非收入贫困比收入贫困严重;与汉族相比,维吾尔族和柯尔克孜族的多维贫困覆盖率高,贫困程度严重;从各维度对多维贫困指数的贡献率来看,汉族的教育维度贫困对多维贫困的贡献最大,维吾尔族和柯尔克孜族的收入、教育和健康维度贫困对多维贫困的贡献较大。[结论]收入低下和人力资本积累不足是新疆连片特困地区主要民族摆脱多维贫困的重要障碍,新时期反贫困工作应充分考虑各主要民族贫困的差异性和多维性特征,尤其要重视从人力资本方面提升贫困人口的自我发展能力。